Controlling severe bleeding is one of the highest priorities in first aid because excessive blood loss can quickly become life-threatening.

Direct pressure should be applied immediately over the wound using a sterile dressing, clean cloth, or even the rescuer’s hand if no other material is available. Pressure should be maintained continuously until the bleeding stops.

If direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding after approximately 15 minutes, firm pressure may be applied to the appropriate pressure point located between the wound and the heart to reduce blood flow.

For small wounds, an antiseptic solution such as mercurochrome may be applied before covering the wound with several layers of sterile gauze secured by a bandage.

Where bleeding is severe, haemostatic powder or other approved haemostatic agents may be used together with firm pressure over the pressure points to assist clot formation.

Use of a Tourniquet

A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort when life-threatening bleeding cannot be controlled by any other method.

The tourniquet should be applied to the artery above the wound on an injured limb. If a commercial tourniquet is unavailable, a triangular bandage or strong strip of cloth may be used instead. A towel or layer of gauze should always be placed beneath the tourniquet to protect the skin.

To reduce the risk of permanent tissue damage caused by prolonged interruption of blood circulation, the tourniquet should be loosened carefully every 15 to 30 minutes, if medically appropriate and safe to do so.