Shock is a serious medical condition that may develop following severe injuries, excessive blood loss, burns, prolonged fatigue, starvation, or exposure to extreme temperatures.

If not treated promptly, shock can become fatal.

The first priority is to identify and treat the underlying cause.

• If bleeding is responsible, it should be controlled immediately.
• If severe pain is contributing to the shock, appropriate pain relief may be provided.
• Fractured limbs should be immobilized before moving the casualty.
• The victim should be handled gently to avoid aggravating the condition.
• The casualty should be kept warm using blankets or dry clothing to maintain body temperature.

Since different forms of shock require different treatments, careful assessment is important. Ammonia inhalants may help restore consciousness in some cases. Small amounts of water may be given if the casualty is conscious and able to swallow safely, but alcoholic beverages should never be administered.