Examination of the Patient
A systematic and complete examination of the patient is essential to evaluate the extent of an illness. Such an examination consists of two basic parts: first, the history, which is a chronological account of the patient’s illness from the earliest symptoms to the present time; and second, the physical examination, during which the patient is assessed for physical evidence of disease. All findings must be recorded accurately, clearly, and completely.

Many patients who report to the sick-bay may have only minor illnesses or injuries, such as a splinter or blister, and these usually require only a brief examination before treatment. However, patients who appear seriously ill will need a thorough evaluation and a detailed examination. A proper record should be maintained for every stage of the illness, beginning with the history and physical examination, and continuing with daily updates. Often, a diagnosis may not be immediately clear when the patient is first seen, but as additional symptoms and physical signs develop over time, the condition becomes easier to identify. For example, many infectious diseases may initially present only with fever and general discomfort, but after a few days, additional signs such as a rash, jaundice, or stiffness of the neck may appear, helping to establish a definite diagnosis. Proper recording of symptoms and signs is also very important for communication, especially when seeking medical advice by radio or transferring the patient to a doctor.