Sprains and strains

Sprains and strains usually occur due to twisting or sudden movements. Pain is typically immediate, followed by swelling caused by internal bleeding. Since it may be difficult to rule out fractures without imaging, any doubtful case should be treated as a fracture until proven otherwise.

Initial treatment involves rest, support, and elevation of the injured part to reduce swelling. A firm bandage, such as a crepe bandage, should be applied, and an ice pack may be used for several hours to minimize swelling. Rest may be required for a few days depending on severity, but prolonged immobilization should be avoided.

Once pain decreases and if no fracture is present, gentle movement should be encouraged, as early mobilization aids recovery. The patient can usually judge the level of activity that is comfortable. If recovery is incomplete, an X-ray should be arranged at the earliest opportunity.