Most swallowed poisons affect the stomach and intestines, causing:
- retching
- vomiting (possibly blood-stained)
- abdominal pain
- colic
- diarrhoea
Examples include arsenic, lead, poisonous fungi, berries, and contaminated or spoiled food.
Corrosive substances such as strong acids, alkalis, and disinfectants cause severe burns to the lips and mouth and intense pain.
Some poisons do not irritate the digestive system but instead affect the nervous system after absorption into the bloodstream. These may cause unconsciousness or death. Examples include excessive doses of sedatives, painkillers, and alcohol.
Treatment
- Identify the poison if possible, but do not delay treatment.
- Do not induce vomiting.
- If the casualty is conscious, give one sachet of activated charcoal in 500 ml of water.
- If unconscious:
- place in the unconscious position;
- provide artificial respiration if breathing has stopped;
- perform heart compression if the heart has stopped;
- do not give anything by mouth;
- seek RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE if unconsciousness persists.
If specific antidotes are required, such as amyl nitrite, administer as instructed.
Keep all patients warm and in bed until recovery.